Fig. 5From: Lignin biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): its response to waterlogging and association with hormonal levelsExpression of PAL and CAD genes and activity of the corresponding enzymes. Relative transcript levels of internode-derived PAL (a) and CAD (b) genes and activities of PAL, CAD-CA and CAD-SA enzymes (c) were compared between the wheat cultivars Kane and Harvest; the internodes were collected at the heading stage. Transcript levels were expressed relative to that of PAL1 (a) and CAD1 (b) in cv. Kane, which were arbitrarily set to a value of 1. Data are means of 2 to 3 independent biological replicates ± SE. Different letters within each gene and enzyme show statistically significant difference in activity at P < 0.05Back to article page