Fig. 4

SEM images obtained under high vacuum conditions showing cell-fibre interactions in a 3D microenvironment. Attachment points between the cell wall and the micro- and nanofibres are highlighted by red and yellow arrows, respectively. a Overview of the abundant presence of cells in the scaffold. Examples of cells are indicated by blue arrows. b-f Images of cells winding around or reaching between microfibres (red arrows) with direct attachment to nanofibres (yellow arrows). As the cell deflated under vacuum, the cell wall pulled back with parts of the cell remaining attached to the fibres. Scale bars: 100 μm