Table 3 Some examples of the differentially phosphorylated proteins identified in this study

FLTASGTFKDGELR

LOC_Os01g32660.4

STE_MEK_ste7_MAP2K.2

Involved in cold stress signaling

[65, 66]

T7 (Phospho)

24 h specific

NQHLLSPR

LOC_Os01g60700.1

Serine/threonine-protein kinase NAK

S6 (Phospho)

24 h specific

RSQEEDEVEER

LOC_Os02g50970.1

Protein kinase domain containing protein

Mediates drought resistance through ROS scavenging

[67]

S2 (Phospho)

0 h specific

SISAEGLHSLR

LOC_Os02g55560.1

Protein phosphatase 2C, putative

S3 (Phospho)

24 h specific

LTSVVEEDNRGEEVVEEEAR

LOC_Os03g18070.1

Omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, chloroplast precursor

May be involved in heat tolerance

[68]

S3 (Phospho)

0 h specific

MSPAEASREENVYMAK

LOC_Os03g50290.1

14-3-3 protein

Involved in Biotic and Abiotic Stress response

[69]

N-Term (Acetyl); S2 (Phospho)

24 h specific

APSSAGAAAGRPGLMVLR

LOC_Os03g59390.1

CAMK_CAMK_like.24

S3 (Phospho)

2.147117423

LMDYKDTHVTTAVR

LOC_Os04g38480.1

BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1 precursor

Regulates rice leaf development

[70]

T7 (Phospho); T10 (Phospho)

24 h specific

NAPGGPLSPGGFPMNRPGTGGMMPGMPGTPGMPGSR

LOC_Os04g42140.1

Eukaryotic initiation factor iso-4 F subunit p82-34

Confers high resistance of rice to Rice yellow mottle virus

[43, 71]

S8 (Phospho)

0 h specific

ASGGGGEMGPVLQR

LOC_Os04g47300.1

CAMK_CAMK_like.26

Oppositely modulates salt-stress tolerance and blast disease resistance

[40]

S2 (Phospho)

0.4237053

HDTDDNNNAAAADSPKKPSRPPAAAK

LOC_Os04g49510.1

CAMK_CAMK_like.27

Confers both cold and salt/drought tolerance on rice

[72]

S14 (Phospho)

0 h specific

EMSDDESTDKLLVEPQK

LOC_Os04g58620.1

Potasium efflux antiporter protein

Regulates chloroplast development and drought resistance

[73]

S3 (Phospho)

0.290186904

ALNNIMHMSNSPTSSYR

LOC_Os05g03430.3

ATSIZ1/SIZ1, E3 Ubiquitin ligase

Regulates Vegetative and reproductive Development, enhances broad abiotic stress tolerance

[74]

T13 (Phospho)

0 h specific

SIHGSQLGTVTEAEHS

LOC_Os05g05590.1

Transporter, monovalent cation:proton antiporter-2 family

Enhances rice sanity tolerance

[75]

S1 (Phospho)

0.496889646

KLVNSSFADLQKPQMELDGK

LOC_Os05g38150.1

Amino acid synthetase

Enhances rice sanity and drought tolerance

[76]

S5 (Phospho)

0 h specific

TINESMDELSSQSK

LOC_Os05g47560.1

Serine/threonine-protein kinase SNT7, chloroplast precursor

T1 (Phospho); M6 (Oxidation)

24 h specific

IAHIPKPEASLDSLSFK

LOC_Os05g50710.1

Late embryogenesis abundant protein

Enhances the cell tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses

[77]

S15 (Phospho)

24 h specific

VSQPAEEDEMDFDSEEVEDEEEEEK

LOC_Os05g51830.1

ZOS5-12 - C2H2 zinc finger protein, Histone Deacetylase

Negatively Regulates Plant Innate Immunity

[61]

S14 (Phospho)

0 h specific

TTSETDFMTEYVVTR

LOC_Os06g06090.2

CGMC_MAPKCMGC_2_ERK.12

Activates rice innate immunity

[41, 78]

T9 (Phospho); Y11 (Phospho)

0.473270364

LYEHGATPATTR

LOC_Os06g10790.1

Lectin-like receptor kinase

T10 (Phospho)

24 h specific

DFGSMNMDELLR

LOC_Os06g10880.3

bZIP transcription factor

Responds to ABA and IAA

[79]

S4 (Phospho)

24 h specific

QIDASDLPSDDSADNDYDPTLAQGHK

LOC_Os06g12400.1

Homeobox domain containing protein

Regulates GA response

[80]

S5 (Phospho); S9 (Phospho)

0 h specific

SISAEGLR

LOC_Os06g39600.2

Protein phosphatase 2C, putative

S3 (Phospho)

2.320807642

DGGAASEYLIEEEEGLNEHNVVEK

LOC_Os06g43660.3

Inorganic H+ pyrophosphatase

Enhances rice chill tolerance

[81]

S6 (Phospho)

0 h specific

NVSPAEQSAADK

LOC_Os06g44210.1

Protein phosphatase 2C, putative

S3 (Phospho)

0 h specific

RPFPPPSPAK

LOC_Os06g50030.1

CAMK_CAMK_like.30

S7 (Phospho)

3.145113364

SFDELSDDEGLYEDSD

LOC_Os07g39870.2

Eukaryotic peptide chain release factor subunit 1-1

Involved in chill and drought stress

[82]

S6 (Phospho)

0 h specific

ITVLTSDGSTARPKPIQK

LOC_Os08g01900.1

E3 ubiqutin ligase

Reduced cellular oxidative stress

[48]

S9 (Phospho)

0.419643669

LNSFYISHNR

LOC_Os08g14950.1

Receptor-like protein kinase 2 precursor

S3 (Phospho)

24 h specific

AGAGAGASPGWPQR

LOC_Os08g39100.1

Protein phosphatase 2C, putative

S8 (Phospho)

0 h specific

AEELVGASPGTEGMSSAEAK

LOC_Os09g34060.1

Transcription factor RF2a

Enhances rice resistance to rice tungro disease

[58, 59, 83]

S8 (Phospho)

24 h specific

SSTPAAAAEQEHR

LOC_Os10g42430.1

Transcription factor MYC7E

Involved in JA signaling

[44]

S1 (Phospho)

24 h specific

SPHGGDGDGAAGDDGGDAQAAAAGGR

LOC_Os11g29870.1

OsWRKY72 - Superfamily of TFs having WRKY and zinc finger domains

Involved in ABA response

[84]

S1 (Phospho)

24 h specific

GSLGSLNMITGK

LOC_Os12g13170.3

Transcription factor

Involved in ABA response

[85]

S5 (Phospho)

24 h specific