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Figure 4 | BMC Plant Biology

Figure 4

From: Wheat homologs of yeast ATG6 function in autophagy and are implicated in powdery mildew immunity

Figure 4

Wheat autophagy-related ATG6 knockdown plants display growth abnormalities. All barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-treated plants were cultured hydroponically in one-fifth strength Hoagland’s solution and kept under normal conditions of 22°C/18°C (day/night) and a photoperiod of 16 h light/8 h dark in controlled climate chambers. (A) The growth morphology of BSMV-treated Yangmai 158 plants. Photographs were taken at the three-leaf stage. The second leaves, which had been mechanically infected with BSMV, were generally withered by this stage and thus were excised before photographing. (B) Leaf length of BSMV-treated Yangmai 158 plants. The lengths of the third leaves were measured at the three-leaf stage. Values represent the mean ± SD (standard deviation) of data measured from 30 individual plants. Asterisks indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05, Student’s t test) between the BSMV:ATG6-treated plants and BSMV:GFP-treated control plants. (C) Chlorophyll content of BSMV-treated Yangmai 158 plants. The chlorophyll content of the fifth leaves was determined at the five-leaf stage. Values represent the mean ± SD of data determined from five individual plants. Asterisks indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the BSMV:ATG6-treated plants and BSMV:GFP-treated control plants. (D) Percentage of BSMV-treated Yangmai 158 plants displaying accelerated death before the five-leaf stage. Values represent the mean percentage ± SEM (standard error of the mean) of at least 30 plants. (E) Detached leaves from BSMV:ATG6-treated plants display accelerated dark-induced senescence. Green sections of the fourth leaves were excised from BSMV-treated Yangmai 158 plants at the four-leaf stage and were floated on deionized water at room temperature in the dark. Leaf sections were photographed at the indicated days post-detachment (dpd). The results are reproduced from three independent experiments using the leaves of three or more plants in each experiment.

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