Figure 2
From: Populus tremula (European aspen) shows no evidence of sexual dimorphism
Secondary metabolite and herbivory phenotypes in male and female Populus tremula in the Umeå Aspen (Um) and Swedish Aspen (Sw) collections. Boxes representing females (F) are coloured pink and males (M) coloured blue. (a) Foliar condensed tannins. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results showed no significant sex differences for samples from either the Um (F1,38 = 1.667, P =0.203) or Sw (F1,45 = 2.764, P =0.103) collections (b) Foliar total phenolic concentrations. ANOVA results showed no significant sex differences for samples from either the Um (F1,38 = 01941, P =0.172) or Sw (F1,45 = 2.561, P =0.117) collections. (c) Shannon-Wiener index of arthropod herbivore diversity. ANOVA results showed no significant sex differences for samples from either the Um (F1,38 = 0.659 P =0.422) or Sw (F1,45 = 0.074, P =0.787) collections.