Table 1 Early markers present in in vitro embryogenesis of both microspores and immature zygotic embryos origins
Early markers | Before embryogenesis induction | After embryogenesis induction |
|---|---|---|
Cells from which embryos originate (microspores, immature zygotic embryos, embryogenic masses) | Early embryos (derived from microspores, immature zygotic embryos and embryogenic masses) | |
DNA methylation level | High (++) | Low (+/−) |
DNA methylation pattern | Large chromatin masses | Small chromatin masses |
Highly-esterified pectins in cell walls | Mid (+) | High (++) |
Peripheral wall layer (rich in non-esterified pectins) | Not present (−) | Present (+) |
Endogenous auxin | Low (+/−) | High (++) |