Figure 5

Effect of cytoskeleton modifying agents on callose synthase and cytoskeleton structure. (A) Callose synthase activity after treatment of 3–5 day old cells with cytoskeleton-affecting agents. Activities are given as per cent of the DMSO control. The average of the activity for the DMSO assays was 19 nmol min^-1 g^-1(FW) for Col-0 and 27 nmol min^-1 g^-1(FW) for BY-2 cells. The values are means of three or more independent experiments. Error bars represent S.E. (B-F) Organization of the microtubules after different treatments. Deconvoluted fluorescence images are shown for cell cultures that were untreated (B), pretreated with 1 μM oryzalin (C) for 2 h, 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100 (D) for 30 min, 0.016% (v/v) digitonin (E) for 30 min or with 20 μg ml^-1 alamethicin (F) for 10 min. The untreated, detergent-treated and alamethicin-treated samples were washed and diluted in Assay medium 2 prior to fixation, while oryzalin treated samples were fixed directly in growth medium. DMSO-containing controls for the oryzalin treatment showed a highly similar pattern to the untreated control (B).