Table 1 Genes ID, analyzed length and total polymorphisms found in 19 sunflower inbred lines
Strategy of selection | Gene | Similarity (BLASTx searches)a | Description | STb | N° Indelsc | Total length (bp)d | Coding region (bp)d | Noncoding region (bp)d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sunflower SSH-EST library survey | GO | Glycolate oxidase (Spinacia oleracea) | Electron carrier ROS machinery [69] | 2 | 1 (36) | 608 | 300 | 308 |
| Â | PGIP3 | Poligalacturonase inhibitor protein precursor (Actidinia deliciosa) | Plant defense against diverse pathogens that use polygalacturonase to breach the plant cell wall [70] | 3 | 0 (0) | 676 | 561 | 115 |
| Â | LZP | Leucine zipper protein putative (Triticum aestivum) | Transcriptional factors involved in plant development, photomorphogenesis and responses to stress [71] | 0 | 1 (8) | 425 | 84 | 341 |
| Â | GLP | Germin-like protein (Oryza sativa) | Apoplastic and glycosilated protein shown to be involved in plant defense [72] | 0 | 3 (3) | 876 | 648 | 228 |
Literature search | MADSB-TF3 | MADS-box transcription factor (Helianthus annuus) | Transcription factors acting as regulators of various aspects of plant development [73] | 13 | 11 (20) | 1082 | 291 | 791 |
| Â | AALP | Arabidopsis Aleurain-like protease (Arabidopsis thaliana) | Enzyme involved in macromolecular degradation and recycling, its expression is up-regulated during aging-related and harvesting-induced senescence [74] | 10 | 2 (11) | 269 | 189 | 80 |
| Â | LIM | LIM domain protein PLIM1b (H. annuus) | Transcription factors that play important roles in construction of cytoskeleton and signal transduction [75] | 6 | 2 (5) | 319 | 150 | 169 |
in silico analysis with SNP Discovery | RL41 | 60S ribosomal protein L41 (A. thaliana) | Protein component of the Ribosomal 60S subunit, important for the translational apparatus and involved in apoptosis and cell cycle [76, 77] | 3 | 0 (0) | 100 | 66 | 34 |
| Â | ANT | Adenine nucleotide translocator, mitochondrial precursor (Gossypium hirsutum) | Inner-membrane mitochondria carrier that plays roles in integrating celullar stress and regulating programmed cell death [78] | 9 | 0 (0) | 216 | 213 | 3 |
| Â | RS16 | 40S ribosomal protein S16 (Euphorbia esula) | Ribosomal S16 component retained during desiccation process in water stress tolerant plants [79] | 7 | 0 (0) | 448 | 405 | 43 |
| Â | NsLTP | Nonspecific lipid-transfer protein precursor (H. annuus) | Participates in cutin formation, embryogenesis, defense reactions against phytopathogens, symbiosis and adaptation to various environmental conditions [80] | 7 | 2 (13) | 294 | 96 | 198 |
|  | SEM | Probable 26S proteasome complex subunit sem1–2 (H. annuus) | Complex involved in protein turnover pathway, helps to remove proteins that arise from synthetic errors, spontaneous denaturation, free-radical and enviromental stress induced damage [81] | 3 | 0 (0) | 226 | 87 | 139 |
| Â | SAMC | S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (Daucus carota) | Key enzyme in PolyAmines (PAs) biosynthesis. PA synthesis is induced by high osmotic pressure, low temperature, low pH and oxidative stress. PAs are proposed to have resistance roles in plant-microbe interactions [82] | 12 | 1 (3) | 369 | 189 | 180 |
| Â | GCvT | Glycine cleavage symstem T protein (Flaveria trinervia) | The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glycine in bacteria and in mitochondria of animals and plants [83] | 3 | 0 (0) | 183 | 180 | 3 |
| Â | SBP | Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase, chloroplast (A. thaliana) | Calvin Cycle's enzyme: branch point between regeneration of ribulose 1,5 biphosphate and export to starch biosynthesis. The overexpression of SBP increases photosynthetic carbon fixation and biomass in plants [84] | 11 | 0 (0) | 243 | 240 | 3 |
| Â | LHCP | Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein precursor (L. sativa) | Â | 8 | 0 (0) | 362 | 348 | 14 |
| Â | CPSI | Photosystem I reaction center subunit V, chloroplast precursor (Camellia sinensis) | Genes encoding components involved in photosynthesis which showed differential expression patterns under both chilling and salt stresses in sunflower [69] | 4 | 0 (0) | 168 | 144 | 24 |
| Â | PSI-III-CAB | Pothosystem I type III chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (A. thaliana) | Â | 1 | 1 (1) | 710 | 387 | 323 |
| Â | CAB | Chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (Beta vulgaris) | Â | 7 | 2 (10) | 537 | 393 | 144 |
Comparison purposes | CAM | Calmodulin (Morus nigra) | Plays a central role in calcium-mediated signaling [46] | 29 | 6 (93) | 538 | 117 | 421 |
| Â | CHS | Chalcone synthase (Saussurea medusa) | Plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of plant phenylpropanoids [46] and abiotic stress defense responses [85, 86] | 0 | 0 (0) | 1051 | 978 | 73 |
| Â | GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Glycine max) | Tetrameric NAD1 binding protein that is involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis [46] | 2 | 2 (3) | 782 | 617 | 165 |
| Â | GIA | Gibbelleric acid insennsitive-like protein (Lactuca. sativa) | Putative gibberellin response modulator [46] | 2 | 1 (1) | 749 | 504 | 245 |
| Â | GPX | Putative gluthathione peroxidase (Medicago truncatula) | Antioxidant enzymes suggested as important factors in protection mechanisms against oxidative damage [46] | 0 | 1 (6) | 744 | 513 | 231 |
| Â | GST | Glutathione S-transferase (Pisum sativum) | Â | 40 | 0 (0) | 561 | 351 | 210 |
| Â | PGIC | Cytosolic phosphoglucose isomerase (Stephanomeria tenuifolia) | Catalyzes the reversible isomerization of 6-phosphoglucose and 6-phosphofructose, an essential reaction that precedes sucrose biosynthesis [46] | 15 | 2 (4) | 569 | 219 | 350 |
| Â | SCR1 | Scarecrow transcription factor type 1(Castanea sativa) | SCARECROW-like gene regulators are known to be involved in asymmetric cell division in plants [46] | 3 | 0 (0) | 739 | 732 | 7 |
| Â | SCR2 | Scarecrow transcription factor type 2 (O. sativa) | Â | 7 | 0 (0) | 504 | 504 | 0 |
Total | Â | Â | Â | 207 | 38 (217) | 14,348 | 9,506 | 4,842 |
Average/locus | Â | Â | Â | 7.39 | 1.36 | Â | Â | Â |
Frequency | Â | Â | Â | 1/69 | 1/377.6 | Â | Â | Â |