Table 4 Results of ANCOVA for effects of the humidification treatment and fast and long-term water deficit on leaf water status, temperature, gas exchange and hydraulic conductance (N = 117–124)

Leaf water potential, Ψ_L

Treatment

ns

-

Branch water status

P < 0.001

0.808

Soil water availability

P < 0.001

0.209

Leaf temperature, T_L

Treatment

ns

-

Branch water status

P < 0.001

0.246

Soil water availability

ns

-

Leaf conductance to water vapour, g_L

Treatment

P = 0.036

0.033

Branch water status

P < 0.001

0.572

Soil water availability

P < 0.001

0.164

Transpiration rate, E

Treatment

ns

-

Branch water status

P < 0.001

0.413

Soil water availability

P < 0.001

0.145

Leaf temperature

P < 0.001

0.129

Stomatal conductance, g_S

Treatment

ns

-

Branch water status

P < 0.001

0.560

Soil water availability

P < 0.001

0.184

Leaf temperature

P = 0.001

0.087

Ratio of intercellular to ambient CO₂ concentrations, C_i/C_a

Treatment

ns

-

Branch water status

P < 0.001

0.338

Soil water availability

ns

-

Net photosynthesis, A_n

Treatment

ns

-

Branch water status

P < 0.001

0.526

Soil water availability

P < 0.001

0.122

Leaf temperature

P = 0.006

0.067

Intrinsic water-use efficiency, IWUE

Treatment

ns

-

Branch water status

P < 0.001

0.140

Soil water availability

ns

-

Leaf hydraulic conductance, K_L

Treatment

ns

-

Leaf water status

P < 0.001

0.465

Soil water availability

P = 0.003

0.064

Leaf temperature

P = 0.002

0.073