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Figure 3 | BMC Plant Biology

Figure 3

From: Factors affecting quantity of pollen dispersal of spray cut chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)

Figure 3

Pollen development of ‘Qx-097’ by TEM. (A) Early microspore, microspore cells have uniform and dense cytoplasm, abundant endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, plastids, some growing vacuoles and a nucleus which is in center of cells. (B) Anther wall at the early microspore stage, vacuolation of cytoplasm of tapetal layer with discohesive cells increase, middle layer is in further degradation. (C-D) Middle microspore, showing inner wall which begin to develop, spiked protuberances appear on the outside of the walls, recognizably germ pores, enlargement of vacuoles, off-centre nuclei and degraded cytoplasm and the number of density of ribosome, mitochondria and plastids decrease. (E) At middle microspore stage, tapetal cells contained abundant cell organelles and dense cytoplasm. (F) Late microspore stage, microspore cell wall, especially inner wall thickens, large central vacuole forms and squeeze the cytoplasm and nuclei to against the wall. (G) Late microspore stage, tapetal layer cells are hill-shaped and inner tangential walls are almost degraded completely, middle layer almost disappear and only has a few residue. (H) Early bicellular pollen stage, there is develop inner wall, exine formation by deposition of primexine and then sporopollenine, a large central vegetative cell and a small generative cell which forms by excentrically division of microspores nuclei. (I) Early bicellular pollen stage, tapetal layer almost disappear, endothecium layer cells enlarge remarkably in volume. Cy: Cytoplasm; En: Endothecium; Ep: Epidermis; ER: Endoplasmic reticulum; GN: Generative nucleus; GP: Germ pore; IW: Inner wall of cells; Mi: Mitochondrion; Ml: Middle layer; MM: Middle microspore; Nu: Nucleus; Pl: Plastid; PW: Pollen wall; SP: Spiked protuberance; Ta: Tapetum; Va: Vacuole; VN: Vegetative nucleus.

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