Genetic analysis of safflower domestication

Pearl, Stephanie A; Bowers, John E; Reyes-Chin-Wo, Sebastian; Michelmore, Richard W; Burke, John M

doi:10.1186/1471-2229-14-43

BMC Plant Biology

Table 2 Quantitative trait locus (QTL) positions, modes of gene action, and magnitudes of effect for 19 out of the 24 traits studied

From: Genetic analysis of safflower domestication

Trait	Linkage group	Position^a	Nearest marker	1-LOD interval^b	Additive effect^{c, d}	Dominance ratio	PVE
Average leaf size	B	52.1	B353	32.6-60.1	0.44	-3.69	8.7
	H	8.6	H113	0.9-12.5	1.26	0.69	9.9
Average leaf roundness	D	10	D378	4.6-21.3	0.02	-0.05	10.4
	G	56.3	G154	50.3-62.3	-0.02	-0.36	13.1
	H	4.3	H40	0-8.6	-0.02	-0.37	7.7
	L	105.3	L116	99.7-105.3	-0.02	0.82	4.5
Spininess	E	48.2	E190	40.1-53.9	1.74	0.13	4.5
	H	5.4-6.1	H327	0.9-16.5	2.93	-0.21	14.4
	L	105.3	L116	103.3-105.3	5.92	0.65	32.7
Days to flower	D	25.3	D271	15.3-35.3	-0.73	0.06	11.9
	H	8.8	H113	6.7-18.5	0.42	1.25	5.6
	I	35.5	I253	17.9-49.5	-0.49	-0.58	6.4
Primary capitulum height	A	24	A69	16.0-33.0	-0.67	0	8.7
	A	62.2	A117	58.8-75.0	0.39	-0.8	4.5
	D	0.01	D129	0.0-10.0	-0.61	-0.23	8.7
	D	68.3	D275	49.7-81.6	0.43	0.11	4.5
	H	2.1	H312	0.9-3	0.66	0.57	9.5
	I	41.5	I276	29.5-53.5	-0.64	-0.14	9.9
	L	101.7	L333	97.7-105.3	0.66	1.08	6.1
Primary disc diameter	A	66.8	A199	64.2-73.0	-0.60	-0.46	9.2
	H	12.5	H113	6.7-18.5	0.76	0.25	12.3
	I	35.5	I253	22.5-47.5	-0.60	0.18	9.6
	L	101.7	L333	95.7-105.3	0.72	0.15	8.2
Number of heads	H	3*	H76	0.0-18.5	-0.56	-1.4	4.8
Flower color	D	1.3	D234	0.0-2.6	3.70	-0.79	63.4
Stem height	E	37.2	E201, E359	22.0-44.8	2.18	-0.01	6.9
	H	6.7	H130	0.9-10.5	2.31	0.42	7.8
	I	53.2	I276	37.5-57.2	-1.88	0.52	6.3
Number of internodes	C	47.5*	C200	43.1-50.3	-0.63	-0.44	4.4
	L	105.3	L116	101.7-105.3	-1.46	0.07	15.9
Internode length	A	41.8	A245	26.0-49.2	-0.14	0.43	7.6
	E	43.8	E354	40.1-48.2	0.13	0.32	4.6
	L	40.5*	L219, L339	22.5-49	0.10	0.86	4.2
	L	105.3	L116	99.7-105.3	0.17	0.1	6.7
Lowest branch height	G	44.9	G100	36.9-60.3	-0.06	-0.22	5.9
Number of selfed seed	C	42.6*	C278	33.0-44.2	-2.17	7.26	4.2
	H	7.3	H255	0.0-18.5	15.89	-0.14	7.6
	I	13.9	I175	5.5-22.5	13.71	0.29	6.9
Achene weight	C	42.6	C278	39.3-43.5	-0.33	-21.68	11
	H	7.8*	H231	2.1-18.5	1.71	2.51	4.4
	I	0.0	I111	0-3.5	-4.96	0.73	13.1
	K	37.6	K35	34.8-47.6	4.67	0.06	8.2
Achene length	C	41.3	C120	40.9-42.7	0.08	5.004	10.4
	D	62.4*	D213	60.4-68.3	0.15	0.813	5.2
	I	17.9	I223	5.9-21.9	-0.28	0.155	12.0
	K	37.6	K35	36.5-45.6	0.29	-0.349	8.2
Achene width	C	42.6	C278	33.0-43.5	0.09	2.69	8.6
	I	0.0	I111	0.0-1.5	-0.21	0.8	15.3
	J	11.1	J232	0.0-11.1	0.13	0.37	5.1
	K	37.6	K35	36.5-45.6	0.18	-0.11	6.8
Seed dormancy	E	48.6	E190	43.8-53.9	-0.47	0.4	9.0
Seed oil	I	3.9*	I203	0.0-11.9	1.61	0.81	6.4
	I	65.4	I92	55.2-71.4	1.67	1.04	10.6
	J	12.2	J232	11.1-14.2	-1.73	0.21	7.2
	L	75.6	L221	67.6-83.6	2.65	1.35	23.2
Palmitic acid	E	46.4	E140	45.8-53.9	0.27	0.6	7.5
Oleic acid	C	50.3	C98	31.0-58.1	-1.33	-0.34	6.4
	G	29.8*	G26	17.4-37.0	1.28	0.71	6.3
	H	5.4-6.1	H327	2.1-18.5	-1.55	-0.66	11.0
Linoleic acid	G	31.8	G110	15.4-32.9	-1.69	0.67	8.6
	H	5.4-6.1	H327	0.9-18.5	1.47	-0.78	8.7

^aAbsolute position from the top of the linkage group, in cM.
^bRegion flanking the QTL peak within a one LOD score decline of the peak.
^cRefers to the effect of the cultivated safflower allele.
^dBold values indicate QTL in the “wrong” direction (see text for details) while italicized values describe cases in which directionality cannot be determined due to similarity in average parent trait values.
*Describes lower confidence QTL, identified at α = 0.1

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ISSN: 1471-2229

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