Figure 5
Treatment with trans -zeatin, kinetin or BAP mimics the effects of GVR infiltration. A Bar graph illustrating stromule frequency (SF) in non-infiltrated (NI), NaOH control-infiltrated (C), trans-zeatin-infiltrated (tZ), and kinetin-infiltrated (K) tissues. Rank sum for trans-zeatin infiltrated leaf (NI-C): U=13, p=0.017; (NI-GVR, C-GVR, tZ-GVR): U=0, p<0.001; (C-tZ): U=12, p=0.013; (tZ-NI): U = 20, p = 0.077. Rank sum for kinetin infiltrated leaf (NI-K): U=13, p=0.017; (NI-GVR): U=13, p=0.001; (C-K, C-GVR): U=0, p<0.001; (K-GVR): U=11, p=0.01) , (NI-C): U = 27, p = 0.251. Sample size (consecutively): n(NI, C, tZ, NI, C, K, GVR)=9, n(GVR on trans-zeatin-infiltrated leaf)=8. B Box plot representing median stromule lengths in non-infiltrated (NI), NaOH control-infiltrated (C), trans-zeatin-infiltrated (tZ) and kinetin-infiltrated (K) tissues. Rank sum for trans-zeatin-infiltrated leaf (NI-tZ): U=24467, p<0.001; (NI-GVR): U=15101.5, p<0.001; (C-GVR): U=9931.5, p<0.001; (C-tZ): U=17141, p<0.001; (tZ-GVR): U=19279, p<0.001; (tZ-NI, tZ-C): U = 23933.5, p = 0.023. . Rank sum for kinetin-infiltrated leaf (NI-K): U=18243, p<0.001; (NI-C): U=24938, p<0.001; (NI-GVR): U=14310.5, p<0.001; (C-GVR): U=11592.5, p<0.001; (C-K): U=14851, p<0.001; (K-GVR); U=23276.5, p<0.001). Sample sizes (consecutively): n(NI)=256, n(C)=213, n(tZ)=249, n(GVR)=240 for the trans-zeatin-infiltrated leaf, and n(NI)=239, n(C)=253, n(K)=270, n(GVR)=270 for the kinetin-infiltrated leaf. Boxes contain 50% of data, the median is represented by black line. Error bars represent 90% confidence intervals. C Iodine stained leaf showing non-infiltrated (NI) regions as well as regions infiltrated with trans-zeatin (tZ), the NaOH control (C), and GVR (GVR). Infiltrated regions outlined with black dotted line. D Iodine stained leaf showing non-infiltrated (NI) regions as well as regions infiltrated with kinetin (K), the NaOH control (C), and GVR (GVR). Infiltrated regions outlined with black dotted line. E-G Plastids clustered around the nucleus in cells of the lower leaf epidermis following treatments with trans-zeatin (E), kinetin (F) and BAP (G), respectively. Images have been converted to gray scale and inverted for easier viewing of stromules. Bright field microscopy was used to locate nuclei and position was marked with red-dotted circles. Scale=20 μm. H Bar graph illustrating stromule frequency (SF) in NaOH control-infiltrated (C) and BAP-infiltrated (1, 10, 50, 100 μg ml-1) tissues. Rank sum (C-1):U=32, p=0.48; (C-10): U=13, p=0.017; (C-50): U=0, p<0.001; (C-100): U=0, p<0.001. n (each treatment)=9. I Iodine stained leaf showing non-infiltrated (NI) NaOH control-infiltrated (C), and 100 μg ml-1 BAP-infiltrated (BAP) regions. Infiltrated regions outlined with black dotted line. Starch staining spread throughout the leaf, extending beyond the infiltrated area. A, H Raw data were arcsine transformed and bars represent back-transformed means, and error bars represent back-transformed 95% confidence intervals.