Figure 1
Suppression of stomatal closure and hypersensitive response (HR) cell death by the host bacterial pathogen Pstab in N. benthamiana . (A) Inoculation of GFPuv-expressing bacterial pathogen of Pstab (6×103 CFU/ml) in N. benthamiana and Pst T1 (6×103 CFU/ml) in tomato. Plants were spray inoculated with appropriate bacteria and photographed three days after inoculation. (B) Confocal microscopic images of GFPuv-expressing Pstab and Pst T1 on epidermal peels of N. benthamiana and tomato, respectively. Pstab in N. benthamiana and Pst T1 in tomato were able to reopen stomata 3 hrs after bacterial inoculation, localized around open stomata and in apoplastic space. Epidermal peels were stained with FM4-64 (Invitrogen, Grand Island, N.Y.) to visualize the plasma membrane. Several confocal images were taken from z-series by focusing the stomatal and apoplastic region. (C) Suppression of nonhost HR cell death by Pstab in N. benthamiana. N. benthamiana leaves were syringe-infiltrated with host or nonhost pathogens, Pstab or Pst T1, with a concentration of 2×106 CFU/ml, respectively. Image was taken 16 hours after inoculation.