Marker-trait association analysis of functional gene markers for provitamin A levels across diverse tropical yellow maize inbred lines

Table 3 Combined ANOVA for carotenoid content of 130 inbred lines evaluated in 2010 and 2011

Sources of variation	DF	Mean squares of carotenoids^a
Sources of variation	DF	lut	zeax	βcry	αcar	βcar	pva	tcar
Line	129	26.81***	133.99***	12.37***	0.43	40.71***	41.49***	226.72***
Year	1	519.32***	878.82**	7.95	51.98***	48.63**	84.07**	332*
Rep (Year)	2	2.81	22.07	0.69	0	0.57	1.29	23.58
Block *(RepYear)**	36	3.75**	13.43***	0.44	0.01*	0.88	1.36	31.32***
*LineYear**	129	10.32***	14.21***	1.62***	0.37***	5.21***	6.63***	43.45***
Residual	222	2.15	4.08	0.48	0	0.76	1.01	11.28
r		0.62	0.89	0.87	0.15	0.87	0.84	0.81

^aCarotenoids are abbreviated as lut Lutein, zeax Zeaxanthine, βcry β-cryptoxanthine, αcar alpha-carotene, βcar β-carotene, pva provitamin A, tcar Total carotenoid, r repeatability, DF degrees of freedom.
*, **, *** = significant at P ≤ 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively.

ISSN: 1471-2229