Figure 5From: Inhibition of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis increases cell wall digestibility, protoplast isolation, and facilitates sustained cell division in American elm (Ulmus americana)Protoplasts and developing cells obtained from American elm callus. Images depict American elm tissue cultured in MSO basal medium supplemented with 5 μM BA, 1 μM NAA, and 100 μM AIP after a 4 h digestion in cell wall degrading enzymes. a; Initial purified protoplast preparation stained with FDA for viability, cells fluorescing green indicate viability, b; Individual cell after 2 days of culture under visible light, c; Same cell as depicted in ‘b’ stained for cellulose with calcofluor white, blue fluorescence indicates cell wall formation, d; Protoplast that has completed one cell division 6 days after culture initiation, e; Cells depicted in ‘d’ stained with FDA for viability, f; Cells depicted in ‘d’ stained for cellulose with calcofluor white, g; cells depicted in ‘d’ stained for viability with FDA and cellulose with calcofluor white. h; Protoplast derived callus 14 days after culture initiation, i; Callus depicted in ‘h’ stained with FDA for viability, j; Callus depicted in h stained for cellulose with calcofluor white, k; Callus depicted in ‘h’ stained for viability with FDA and cellulose with calcofluor white.Back to article page