Figure 3From: Inhibition of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis increases cell wall digestibility, protoplast isolation, and facilitates sustained cell division in American elm (Ulmus americana)Protoplast isolation rates of American elm callus grown in various concentrations of AIP. American elm callus cells were grown on MSO basal medium supplemented with 5 μM BA, 1 μM NAA, and various levels of AIP and the percentage that developed into protoplasts after a 4 h incubation in a cell wall degrading enzyme mixture were counted. a; American elm callus grown without AIP after digestion, b; American elm callus grown on 100 μM AIP after digestion, c; Protoplast conversion rates for American elm callus grown on varying levels of AIP. Bars with the same letters were not significantly different based on a means separation with Tukey’s adjustment with a p-value of 0.05.Back to article page