Figure 1From: Inhibition of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis increases cell wall digestibility, protoplast isolation, and facilitates sustained cell division in American elm (Ulmus americana)Digestibility and protoplast isolation frequencies of tobacco leaf discs treated with elm extract or hydroxycionnamic acids. Leaf discs were vacuum infiltrated (20 min) and incubated for 24 h in various concentrations of aqueous American elm leaf extract, p-coumaric acid, or ferulic acid prior to a 16 h incubation in cell wall degrading enzymes. a; Tobacco leaf disc incubated in sterile deionised water prior to digestion, b; tobacco leaf disc incubated in 0.005 mg/ml aqueous American elm extract prior to digestion, c; tobacco leaf disc treated with 5 mg/ml elm extract prior to digestion, d; Protoplast yields for tobacco leaf discs pre-incubated in various concentrations of elm extract, p-coumaric acid, or ferulic acid for 24 h followed by 16 h in cell wall degrading enzymes. Bars with the same letters were not significantly different based on a means separation with Tukey’s adjustment with a p-value of 0.05.Back to article page