Figure 6

Expression profiles of grapevine DHN1 and DHN2 under abiotic and biotic stress. Total RNA was extracted from the leaves of V. yeshanensis and V. vinifera treated with drought-rehydration (A, B), 4 °C (C, D), 40 °C (E, F), and inoculation with E. necator (G, H). Samples were taken at the indicated times, with time zero samples harvested immediately prior to treatment. Normalized transcript levels of DHN1 and DHN2 were determined by real-time qRT-PCR analysis, with the actin1 gene serving as an internal control. Each point represents the mean relative fold-change compared to baseline levels of expression from three experiments, while bars indicate standard deviations. Baseline expression levels were those measured just prior to treatment at time = 0. Asterisks (*) and number signs (#) indicate significant increases (p < 0.05) in expression levels of target transcripts from V. yeshanensis and V. vinifera, respectively, compared to the mock-treated controls.