Marker-based linkage map of Andean common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and mapping of QTLs underlying popping ability traits

Table 7 Epistatic QTLs (E-QTLs) and E-QTL x Environment (E-QE) effects detected for popping traits using multi-environment analysis

E-QTLi^a	Marker interval	LG (position)^b	E-QTLj^a	Marker interval	LG (position)	AA^c	h²(aa)^d	E-QE AAE^e	h²(aae)^f
Popping dimension index (PDI)
E-PDI3^PP	IAC24 -BM187	3 (71.0-84.9)	E-PDI7^PP	BM185 -BMc294	7 (24.2-36.6)	−2.98^***	2.7	ns
Expansion coefficient (EC)
E-EC3^PP	BMc259 -IAC24	3 (67.8-71.0)	E-EC9^PP	PV-at007 -BMc184	9 (60.9-70.2)	1.62^*	0.2	ns
E-EC5^PP	E32M60-100 -BM175	5 (40.6-46.1)	E-EC7^PP	BM185 -BMc294	7 (71.0-84.9)	−7.59^***	2.6	ns
Percentage of unpopped seeds (PUS)
E-PUS3^PP	BMc259 -IAC24	3 (67.8-71.0)	E-PUS6^PP	E40M60-91 -E45M50-50	6 (5.0-5.8)	−3.87^***	1.1	−4.61^* AAE4	0.9
E-PUS3^PP	BMc259 -IAC24	3 (67.8-71.0)	E-PUS7^PP	BMc294 -BMc248	7 (36.6-38.1)	5.47^***	0.6	ns
E-PUS5^PP	BM138 -E32M60-100	5 (39.8-40.6)	E-PUS6^PP	E40M60-91 -E45M50-50	6 (5.0-5.8)	−3.62^***	1.8	ns

^a E-QTLi and E-QTLj are the two QTLs involved in epistatic interaction.
^b Linkage group and the estimated confidence interval of QTL position in brackets (in Kosambi cM).
^c Estimated additive by additive epistatic effect. Positive values indicate that alleles from PHA1037 have a positive effect on the traits, and negative values indicate that positive effect on the traits is due to the presence of the alleles from PMB0225.
^d Percentage of the phenotypic variation explained by additive by additive epistatic effects.
^e Predicted additive by additive epistatic effect by environment interaction effect. AAE1, AAE2, AAE3, AAE4, and AAE5: epistasis associated with environments LD09, SD09, LD10, SD10, and LD11, respectively. The meaning of sign values is described in the third footnote (^c).
^f Percentage of the phenotypic variation explained by additive by additive epistatic effect by environment interaction effect.
^*P ≤ 0.05, ^**P ≤ 0.01, ^***P ≤ 0.001. Only significant effects are listed. ns = No significant effects on the five environmental conditions evaluated.

ISSN: 1471-2229