Figure 1

CPN-treated BY-2 cells and protoplasts. Panels show bright field and fluorescence images. (A,B) BY-2 protoplasts were incubated for 2 h with 10 μM CPNs or (C, D) left untreated. (E, F) Chains of attached BY-2 cells treated with 10 μM CPNs for 2 h. Green fluorescence is greatest at the cross walls suggesting that CPNs attach to the cell walls and do not penetrate the interior. (G, H) Images of untreated BY-2 cells at 2 h. (I, J) Confocal images of intact BY-2 cells treated with 10 μM CPNs at 24 h. Experiments were repeated with similar results. Single optical section through the center of the cell shows fluorescence along the cell wall and does not penetrate the interior. Scale bars equal 50 μm.