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Figure 2 | BMC Plant Biology

Figure 2

From: A tritrophic signal that attracts parasitoids to host-damaged plants withstands disruption by non-host herbivores

Figure 2

Influence of E. variegatus on parasitoid attraction and plant volatile emission. (a): Choice of C. marginiventris, shown as the average numbers (+SE) of wasps per release (groups of 6) and olfactometer arm. Control = Uninfested plant; E.v. = E. variegatus infested plant; Empty = Empty arms. Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05). (b): Average choice of C. marginiventris parasitoids with different previous host-experience. Naive = No experience; SS = Host-presence with S. littoralis induced plant odours; SE = Host presence with E. variegatus induced plant odours. Stars denote significant effects of treatment (T), experience (E) and the interaction (TxE) (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). (c): Average volatile emission (+SE) of E. variegatus infested maize seedlings. For compound descriptions, see legend in Figure 1. Stars denote significant differences between E. variegatus induced and uninfested plants (p < 0.05). (n = 7)

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