Table 4 Pairwise Pearson's correlation coefficient ρ between the modified Rogers distance (MRD) or the STRUCTURE based distance (SBD) of the 145 pearl millet genotypes and the corresponding geographic distance, the environmental distance calculated from geographical or environmental parameters as well as the evaluated phenotypic traits.

SBD

0.220***

Geographic dist.

0.070***

0.037*

Latitude

0.015

0.006

0.1355

Longitude

0.070***

0.037*

0.1682

Altitude

0.089***

0.038*

0.0683

Temperature

-0.023*

-0.023*

0.1668

Precipitation

0.040**

0.050**

0.2001

Seedling vigor

0.017

0.051**

0.2623

Flowering time

0.045**

0.070***

0.0035

Relative response to photoperiod

0.031*

0.035*

0.0029

Plant height

-0.028*

-0.011

0.1584

Panicle length

0.019*

0.077***

0.0010

Country

0.0056

Agro-ecological zone

0.1139