Fig. 5

Regulatory mechanism of TaPer12-3A in seed dormancy and germination. A Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content and peroxidase (POD) activity measured in the wheat EMS mutant taper12-j411 and J411 seeds. B Dynamic accumulation of H₂O₂ in taper12-j411 and J411 seeds. C Gibberellic acid (GA) content, expression levels of the key genes involved in GA biosynthesis and catabolism pathways, including gene ID: TraesCS3B02G439900 (TaGA20ox2) and TraesCS1B02G123500 (TaGA2ox1). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 indicate significance and extreme significance, respectively. D Abscisic acid (ABA) content, expression levels of the key genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and catabolism pathways, including gene ID: TraesCS5A02G374000 (TaNCED2) and TraesCS5D02G244900 (TaABA8’OH2). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 indicate significance and extreme significance, respectively