Foliar-applied silicate potassium modulates growth, phytochemical, and physiological traits in Cichorium intybus L. under salinity stress

Table 3 Effect of different salinity stress with foliar silicate potassium application on some studied traits of Cichorium intybus L. plants

Salinity stress (mM)	Silicate potassium	Total Phenol content (mg gallic acid /gDW)	Total Flavonoid content (mg QE/g DW)	Total anthocyanin content	Inulin (%)
0	Control	46.55^j ± 1.31	25.65^j ± 0.87	16.01^g ± 0.57	39.73^h ± 1.42
	1	49.80ⁱ ± 1.43	27.41^gh ± 0.93	16.93^f ± 0.61	40.77^g ± 1.45
	2	50.88^h ± 1.47	27.85^g ± 0.95	17.45^e ± 0.62	40.87^g ± 1.46
	3	53.34^ef ± 1.42	28.95^f ± 0.90	18.02^c ± 0.59	41.92^f ± 1.37
80	Control	51.99^g ± 1.13	26.51ⁱ ± 0.67	17.63^de ± 0.47	39.31^h ± 1.05
	1	56.92^d ± 1.26	30.18^e ± 0.77	18.62^b ± 0.50	46.41^e ± 1.24
	2	59.45^b ± 1.17	31.83^c ± 0.72	18.57^b ± 0.44	51.64^c ± 1.22
	3	64.42^a ± 1.29	32.88^b ± 0.74	19.26^a ± 0.45	52.30^bc ± 1.23
160	Control	52.54^fg ± 1.26	27.30^gh ± 0.77	16.79^f ± 0.50	36.56ⁱ ± 1.09
	1	58.02^c ± 1.43	31.23^d ± 0.89	17.87^cd ± 0.53	48.99^d ± 1.45
	2	59.53^b ± 1.78	31.60^cd ± 1.08	18.38^b ± 0.66	53.01^b ± 1.85
	3	64.94^a ± 1.97	33.54^a ± 1.15	18.45^b ± 0.62	56.69^a ± 2.02
240	Control	38.05^k ± 1.27	16.90^k ± 0.7	14.56^h ± 0.65	17.01^l ± 0.77
	1	51.93^g ± 1.89	26.98^hi ± 1.15	16.90^f ± 0.76	30.94^k ± 1.39
	2	52.46^fg ± 1.92	27.24^h ± 1.16	17.39^e ± 0.74	31.91^j ± 1.43
	3	54.06^e ± 1.99	27.37^gh ± 1.17	17.41^e ± 0.75	32.09^j ± 1.44

^{a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l}Means followed by the same letter(s) in each column are not significantly different based on Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (n = 3)

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