Fig. 5

Integration analysis of DEGs and DEMs. (A) The iPath analysis of DEGs and DEMs revealed the metabolic network of differentially expressed metabolites and corresponding metabolic pathways throughout the entire KEGG biological system. Red dots and green dots represent differentially expressed metabolites that are upregulated and downregulated, respectively. The red line and green line represent the pathway annotated by up-regulated and down-regulated genes, respectively, and the blue line represents the pathway annotated by genes in both gene sets. (B) Connection network between five metabolites in top10 DEMs and screened DEGs (log₂FC > 1, p < 0.05, and FPKM > 10). The size of nodes represents the number of degrees. Edges represent relationships (p-value) between DEMs and DEGs