Table 6 Common loci and significant markers associated with agronomic and grain shape related traits

Trait	Loci	Chromosome	P value^b						R ² (%)^c
			2014^a			2015			2014			2015
			E1	E2	E3	E4	E5	E6	E1	E2	E3	E4	E5	E6
HD	Xcfa2193	3A	4.30 × 10⁻⁴	0.0032	-	9.62 × 10⁻⁴	-	1.71 × 10⁻⁵	10.62	15.74	-	9.39	-	9.75
PH	Xgwm328	2A	1.45 × 10⁻⁵	1.04 × 10⁻⁶	0.0044	9.84 × 10⁻⁵	2.07 × 10⁻⁴	2.34 × 10⁻⁶	30.54	28.21	25.81	23.47	27.23	32.15
SPL	Xgwm328	2A	8.67 × 10⁻¹⁰	5.06 × 10⁻⁸	5.35 × 10⁻⁴	1.58 × 10⁻¹⁰	6.85 × 10⁻⁵	4.74 × 10⁻⁶	35.10	37.90	32.43	36.60	35.32	35.44
	Xgwm63	7A	5.19 × 10⁻⁵	-	6.57 × 10⁻⁵	3.48 × 10⁻⁴	0.0015	1.97 × 10⁻⁴	26.92	-	20.67	27.80	25.11	21.59
SPLN	Xgwm328	2A	0.0024	9.95 × 10⁻⁴	3.99 × 10⁻⁴	0.0072	7.07 × 10⁻⁴	-	34.19	38.77	33.97	28.42	35.45	-
	Xbarc138	4A	-	6.84 × 10⁻⁴	0.0027	8.74 × 10⁻⁴	-	0.0076	-	15.72	18.18	14.43	-	15.18
	Xgwm63	7A	1.24 × 10⁻⁴	-	9.42 × 10⁻⁵	2.82 × 10⁻⁵	0.0039	5.53 × 10⁻⁴	23.93	-	21.85	19.24	22.25	21.85
TA	HWM-GS	1A	-	2.39 × 10⁻⁴	-	0.0059	6.25 × 10⁻⁴	-	-	34.46	-	28.18	31.09	-
GL	Xcfa2219	1A	0.0050	4.45 × 10⁻⁶	0.0098	6.87 × 10⁻⁵	-	9.89 × 10⁻⁴	19.89	16.92	20.33	15.99	-	17.93
	Xgwm293	5A	2.29 × 10⁻⁶	0.0081	3.22 × 10⁻⁴	9.11 × 10⁻⁶	0.0035	-	28.23	26.95	27.34	24.83	23.55	-

Marker–trait association was performed with linear mixed-effects model (MLM) incorporating structure Q-matrix and kinship K-matrix in TASSEL 2.1
^a Missing result is represented by ‘–’ due to unavailable data
^b Marker–trait association is significant at P < 0.01 with FDR correction at αc = 0.05
^c R ² is the percentage of phenotypic variation explained by the marker

ISSN: 1471-2229