Figure 6

ER stress phenotypes. A Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of transcript levels of ER stress-related genes in TRV and TRV:NAG leaves at 10 and 20 DAI. Relative band intensity was shown below the bands. B Altered ER morphology. As an ER marker, BiP:GFP construct was transformed into leaf protoplasts of TRV and TRV:NAG lines at 10 and 15 DAI. BiP is a HSP70 chaperone located in the ER lumen. Red fluorescence indicates chlorophyll autofluorescence. Scale bars: 10 μm. C Effect of the chemical chaperone 4-phenyl butyric acid (PBA) on growth retardation and cell death phenotypes in TRV:NAG VIGS lines at 25 DAI. Representative plants are shown. D and E Relative ion leakage (%) of the 4th leaf above the infiltrated leaf (D) and the leaf near the shoot apex (E). Each value represents the mean ± SD of three replicates per experiment.